Running Head: Discussion Board Essay

1. What are some ways the Christian gospel is perceived in our culture? The Christian gospel is perceived in our culture as â€Å"confusion† or that Christians consider themselves to be greater than people of other religions. The one that bothers me is that Christians are hypocrites and that Christians say one thing and do another. Some of the perception are well grounded because Christians, especially carnal Christians have a tendency to package the gospel in a way that would benefit them instead of bringing others to inquire about the word of God. 2. What are some specific moral reasons people may reject the Christian gospel? A lot of people believe that there’s no way that Jesus could be fully human and fully God at the same time. Some say that there is no way that God could love and save them, being that they are mere mortals. Some people reject the Christian gospel because of sexual, marital or political reasons. Being a Christian means that you must adhere to a certain moral code and standard that most people will decline to adhere to. 3. What are some specific emotional reasons people may reject the Christian gospel? A lot of people simply doubt that all you have to do in order to be saved is to believe in the death, burial, and resurrection of Jesus Christ and you will be saved. To believe is to be accompanied by faith and a changed mind. Most people have a problem believing in something that can’t be seen. The fear of change is always difficult when a person has been used to doing things a certain way. â€Å"But the natural man receiveth not the things of the spirit of God.† (1Co. 2:14, King James Bible,) 4. What are some specific intellectual reasons people may reject the Christian gospel? A lot of people are so bent on knowing everything about everything that when they are confronted with the truth of the gospel  it’s usually met with skepticism. Intellectual individuals like thing to be logically presented and the Christian gospel carries with it the element of faith and faith is something that a lot of intellectual individuals aren’t willing to invest a lot of time into or anything else for that matter. 5. What can Christians do to address these objections and better communicate the Christian gospel? First of all the Christian gospel must not be forced on anyone. Secondly the best way to communicate the Christian gospel is for individuals to see the difference that Christ has made in your life. â€Å"Preach with mildness and deep respect† (2 Timothy 2:25 King James version). â€Å"Believe what we are teaching†. ( Deuteronomy 6:6, King James version). Christians should also be open to providing more information with the situation present itself.

Bypass the Story of a Road Analysis Essay

McGirr takes virtually every detour possible and in doing so seems to suggest that life’s journey is at its most interesting when one strays from the central path. It is in the towns and rest stations that McGirr encounters individuals with interesting stories to tell – stories that give McGirr’s narrative its essential variety and ‘life’. McGirr’s interest is not only in what lies off to the side of the ‘main road’ in a literal sense. He is attracted by the lives of ‘ordinary’ people who are not famous or even particularly successful. Even when relating incidents from his life as a priest he enjoys telling stories that would otherwise never appear in print: attending the wrong wedding reception; seeing a bride answer a mobile phone. He does occasionally refer to famous or powerful people; even here, though, his preference is for the little known incident over the important, nation-shaping decision – such as John Curtin’s midnight pot of tea in a Gundagai cafà ©. In short, McGirr suggests that, although the highway itself is valuable, we must not forget or neglect places and lives that the highway bypasses, for these too constitute the ‘life-blood’ of the nation. And similarly, although the nation’s central story or history is important – that of, say, the Anzacs, the explorers, the two world wars – the stories that lie off to the side of the historical mainstream are equally worth knowing, are equally valuable. As narrator and author of this narrative, McGirr has a lot of control over how he depicts himself. Indeed, ‘the power of the person who gets to tell the story’ (p.19) is considerable, as he notes when discussing Hovell’s power over Hume in that regard. McGirr is depicted as a fairly affable, if occasionally bumbling figure whose decision to leave the Jesuit order after twenty-one years is a life-changing one. The decision prompts him to experience a number of ‘firsts’: he buys property in Gunning; embarks on an intimate relationship with Jenny whom he subsequently marries and has children with; and decides to travel on a bike down the Hume Highway and document his progress. McGirr might come across as something of an ‘everyman’ figure but his life-experiences mark him as someone rather eclectic (unusual). McGirr displays a capacity for droll humour throughout the narrative, and also a willingness to reflect deeply on his experiences and those of others. His reflective tendencies see him discuss his struggle to sincerely uphold the vow of obedience when he was a member of the Jesuit order (p.173), and also his feeling of being alone when he first joined the order (p.229). It might be argued that McGirr is depicted as someone who thinks a little too much: the discussion of his dilemma about buying orange juice with the money allocated to new Jesuits for ‘emergencies’ (p.228) is an example. Fortunately, his capacity for reflection does not make the text too ponderous. McGirr’s accounts of his developing relationship with Jenny and his self-deprecatory asides about his weight (p.31, p.98), snoring (p.227), age (p.32) and tendency to lecture others (p.142) depict him as a jovial, likeable bloke. Bypass, a hybrid work of creative non-fiction is a memoir, travel story, social history, romance and road story. The literary devices used in Bypass enliven and enrich the writing with sparkling wit. For example: ‘Hovell had been a naval captain. On land, however, he was all at sea.’(p 19) ‘They were like fishermen who were prepared to dam their own river rather than let it starve them.’(p 48) ‘A roadhouse is a place where everything that can’t be eaten has been laminated, and not all the food can be eaten.’(p 66) ‘Guerrilla warfare is the opposite of God who, for some unknown reason, makes his or her absence felt even when present.’(p 81) ‘I came to Gunning to hide, but people kept finding me.’(p 97) ‘Sturt went blind trying to see what none had seen before.’(p 170) McGirr’s anger at some social problems is often expressed in blunt metaphors, for example, when discussing gaming machines in Goulburn he writes: ‘They are abattoirs of the human spirit.’(p 90) His love for language is reflected, for example, where the text is an extended reverie on arcane words and their meanings eg panier (p 98), or in his jovial attempt to find a word to describe a group of prime ministers (pp 153-4). Humour is one of the most appealing features Bypass, for example the discussion of caravans with a fellow traveller (pp 110-1). Michael McGirr is masterly in creating punch lines to end his stories. eg ‘I don’t believe in washing your dirty laundry in public.’(p 263) The Hume Highway: The Hume Highway runs for over eight hundred kilometres inland, between Sydney and Melbourne. Early settlers, such as Charles Throsby and Hume and Hovell, made journeys overland that eventuated in the Hume Highway being developed. The road, initially sometimes called the Great South Road in New South Wales and Sydney Road in what became Victoria, has been re-routed, extended and improved over time. In 1928, it became officially known as the Hume Highway. A number of towns originally on the Hume Highway have now been bypassed to reduce both travel times and the amount of traffic (especially trucks) passing through town centres. The meaning of bypass: The term bypass means to go around something; a road bypass normally goes around a town or the centre of a town. There are many such bypasses on the Hume Highway, allowing the traveller to avoid built up areas and suburban streets. However, although Bypass is the story of a journey along the Hume Highway, the title makes it clear that McGirr’s main interest is in how the road goes around places and people, and what the effects of this might be – both positive and negative. For more about McGirr’s engagement with the notion of a bypass, see the section on Themes, Ideas and Values. The main idea in the novel Bypass is the idea of a journey. In literal terms, Bypass: the story of a road tells the story of a physical journey from one point to another: in this case, from Sydney to Melbourne. However, McGirr makes clear that a journey can have qualities that are more metaphorical. The literary references to Don Quixote and Anna Karenina, in particular, suggest very different types of journeys. The quotation from Don Quixote, ‘there’s no road so smooth that it ain’t got a few potholes’, implicitly signals Sancho’s philosophical take on the nature of relationships and life more generally. This attitude towards the vicissitudes of life clearly informs the text as a whole. For instance, McGirr comments about the degree to which his ‘silly adventure’ might impact negatively on his relationship with Jenny (p.137). Likewise, the comments he makes about the truckies whose marriages can suffer from their long hours on the road (p.52), suggest that physical journeys and emotional journeys are closely intertwined. The frequent references to Anna Karenina also signal McGirr’s interest in the romantic and tragic dimensions of life. The flirtatious comments about McGirr’s relationship with Anna Karenina, his predilection for relinquishing (and then recovering) the text from time to time and the inevitable decision to place her in close proximity to a railway (p.260) work symbolically as a comment on life more generally, as well as on the plot of Tolstoy’s novel. After all, Tolstoy’s Anna throws herself in front of a train. McGirr is all too aware of the fragility of life – both on the road and beyond it. In this novel, death and memorial are also an important theme. The ultimate destination in life’s journey is death. McGirr does not shy away from discussing the fragility of life and makes much of the memorials on the Hume Highway. Death is something that cannot be bypassed and, like ‘the road [which] has no respect for persons or status’ (p.158), it comes to us all. As McGirr notes when reflecting on the cemetery in Gunning, ‘even a long life is short’ (p.7). For McGirr the Hume Highway is ‘sacred space’ (p.15); it is ‘lined with countless reminders of death’ (p.178) and memorialises both those who have died on it and those who have died at war. While McGirr is respectful and interested in the memorials dedicated to the war dead, his main priority is to acknowledge that death comes to all and that the lives of all ordinary Australians – including soldiers – are worth acknowledging and commemorating. Indeed, this is clearly conveyed by his juxtaposition of the near-death experience of Kerry Packer (p.40) and the funerals of the Queen Mother (p.255) and the Princess of Wales (p.256) with the experiences of less well-known individuals. Packer’s blunt assertion that there is no life beyond the grave is contrasted with the more positive reflection of a woman who believed that her husband had ‘gone to the great swap-meet in the sky’ (p.41). Similarly, the vast amount of coverage and ceremony afforded the funerals of the Queen Mother and the Princess of Wales is diametrically opposed to the more poignant account of the interment of Anton, a lonely old man whose funeral was attended by three people: the undertaker, Anton’s neighbour and McGirr in his role as priest (p.256). McGirr says of those like Anton, ‘At least God knew this person †¦ even if nobody else did’ (p.256). McGirr’s accounts of death or near-death experiences are most chilling when he considers those who have endured harrowing experiences on the road. His discussion of the murders committed by Ivan Milat (pp.70–4) and by bushrangers (pp.77–83) brings home the fact that ‘the Hume has a dark side’ (p.70). Not wanting to sensationalise – or justify – the actions of these men, McGirr nonetheless provides some background details to depict them in ways that are complex, non-judgemental and at times unnerving. ENTRY SEVEN: PHILOSOPHY IN BYPASS Given McGirr’s work as a priest for much of his life, it is not surprising that this text is largely preoccupied with issues of faith and philosophical ponderings about life more generally. McGirr makes clear his continued belief in God (p.174) but is not heavy-handed in his discussion of faith. The gently humorous and respectful way in which he recounts Jenny’s aphorisms (wise sayings) about life is a case in point. His recollection of Jenny’s remark that he should ‘just accept [the Hume Highway] for what it is †¦ you’ll enjoy it more’ (p.155) is exemplary. His discussion of Jenny’s view that there is a concave (negative and convex (optimistic) way of looking at the world (p.170) – and that he ‘might be right’ (p.170) in thinking that he has a concave approach to the world is similarly light-hearted in tone but relevant to the book’s overall interest in forms of belief. The light-hearted banter continues when McGirr discusses his acquisition of the Chinese philosophical text, Tao Te Ching. Its pithy words of wisdom are for McGirr redolent of the bumper sticker sayings that he has liberally peppered throughout his narrative. At times, McGirr’s discussion of philosophical matters takes on a more earnest tone. His discussion of how, as a priest, he subscribed to the vow of obedience in an effort to ‘make up a sense of purpose which I otherwise lacked’ (p.173) and his related anxiety that he would reach the ‘point at which you can no longer recognise yourself in the things you are starting to say or do’ (p.173) signal his need to be honest with himself as well as with others. His comment that ‘the secret of being human is learning how to enjoy our limitations’ (p.301) suggests that honesty and humility are part and parcel of a reflective existence, McGirr is also interested in the ways in which others concern themselves with spiritual matters. His discussion of the House of Prayer in Goulburn shows how prayer provides respite from the manic nature of everyday life and celebrates those like Catherine who dedicate their lives to helping others in need find peace (pp.85–6). In a very different and secular vein, McGirr recounts the belief Liz Vincent has in ghosts – of people and of the road. Although Vincent does not believe in God, McGirr seems fascinated by her stories and sensitively recounts her belief that ‘the people we love can scarcely bear to leave us and sometimes hang around as ghosts’ (p.59). Perhaps more interesting is Vincent’s claim that the old Hume Highway near Picton has a ‘ghostly presence of its own’ (p.59), appearing before unwary drivers’ eyes and beguiling them into believing that the phantom road they are following is the real thing (p.59). ENTRY EIGHT: THE POLITICS IN BYPASS In some ways Bypass is a book about power – about who has it and who does not. As McGirr writes, ‘Roads are political. Building them is a sign that somebody is the boss’ (p.14). McGirr’s discussion of the impact on Merri Creek of the F2 freeway into Melbourne (p.284), the ensuing court case and the verdict that ultimately endorsed the freeway project, exemplifies the political nature of road-making. The very essence of a bypass, for instance, is a political act and McGirr makes this clear when discussing the difficulties surrounding the decision to create an internal or an external bypass for Albury in the late 1990s (pp.203–6). Concerns about the economic effect of a route directing traffic away from town are weighed up with concerns about the impact of noise and pollution that a new road near or through a town invariably brings. Tussles between federal and state governments, as was the case with the Albury bypass, certainly highlight the political nature of road-making, as do arguments between different interest groups. The issue of the Albury bypass, along with the 1979 truck blockade staged between Camden and Picton on a notorious stretch of road known as razorback (pp.47–51), illustrate power struggles of very different sorts. McGirr also points out that the amount of money spent on roads as opposed to public transport is a political act. He writes that ‘in the last ten years, for every dollar spent on laying rail in Australia, eight dollars have been spent on highways’ (p.92). This pattern of spending is, he continues, ‘a symptom of something deeper because government spending decisions simply mirror the interests of voters’ (p.92). Bypass: the story of a road is particularly concerned with the way the highway has been the backdrop for various well-known and not so well-known aspects of Australia’s history. From Hume and Hovell’s early markings of the Hume Highway, to the increased tea ration bargained for by Jack Castrisson when John Curtin visited the Niagara Cafà © in Gundagai, to Ned Kelly’s exploits, to the antics of the humble, ordinary Australians who travel on the Hume year by year, McGirr celebrates the way aspects of Australia’s history are part and parcel of the Hume Highway’s rich narrative. McGirr’s interest in Australian history is, however, not indicative of a desire to celebrate or endorse conventional representations of Australia’s past. In a number of instances, McGirr wants to query the legitimacy of idealistic views of the nation’s evolution. McGirr challenges the idea that Australia is an egalitarian nation, for example, and claims tha t this view is a ‘myth’ (p.200). He also reminds readers of the fraught relationship between colonisers and Indigenous Australians when he discusses the life and death of an Aboriginal man named Bill Punch who survived a massacre as a baby and went on to fight for the Allies on the Western Front in World War I (pp.246–7). McGirr’s willingness to temper some representations of Australia’s past is underpinned by an appreciation of the power of language. He notes that those who are in a position to write about the past can have more agencies in their lives and also more control of history than those who don’t (p.19). This awareness allows him to ponder on the way bushrangers and explorers have been depicted over time, and how being literate can impact on the type of individual one becomes (pp.77–8). McGirr is attentive to the idea that some histories are not told and that those that are relayed are not always definitive. Bypass: the story of a road offers a quirky exploration of the Hume Highway and the personalities of the people whose lives have been touched by the road in one way or another. At the age of 40, former Jesuit priest, Michael McGirr – armed with not much more than a copy of Anna Karenina, some spare clothes and a less than state-of-the-art Chinese built bicycle – set out to ride the 880 kilometres (547 miles) of the Hume Highway which links Sydney and Melbourne. While the ride forms the backdrop to McGirr’s book Bypass: The Story of a Road, like all good travelogue’s the ride itself is really just a frame to hang the real story around, which as the title suggests, is the story of the Hume Highway. From its humble beginnings as a rough track across the Great Dividing Range, to its current state as a modern dual carriageway, the Highway continues to serve as the major thoroughfare linking Australia’s two largest cities. Bypass took me on a wonderful jo urney covering the history of the Hume, and the politics that helped shape it. Along the way you meet some great – and not so great – Australian characters that have helped imprint the name of the highway into the Australian psyche. People like the 61 year old Cliff Young (great), who in 1983 won the inaugural Sydney to Melbourne foot race against competitors half his age. And men like Ivan Milat (not so great) who was convicted of the murder of seven young backpackers and hitch-hikers, all of whom he buried in the Belanglo State Forest. Then there are the explorers Hamilton Hume (after whom the Highway was eventually named) and William Hovell, who in 1824 along with at least six others, set of from Appin (near the present day Sydney suburb of Campbelltown) for the first successful quest to reach Melbourne. Through the novel, I also met truckies; the bushrangers Ben Hall and Ned Kelly; and the poets ‘Banjo’ Paterson and Henry Lawson. I attended a Catholic Mass in Tarcutta – officially the halfway point between Sydney and Melbourne – where apart from the priest and two parishioners, the only other people in attendance are the author of Bypass and his companion Jenny, who has by this tim e joined him on his ride to Melbourne. Reading this book, it seemed like I visited almost every country town along the route of the Hume Highway, and learn something about each of them. Towns like Goulburn, famous for the Big Merino and Goulburn Jail (where Ivan Milat is currently serving seven life sentences). I visited Holbrook and learn why the outer shell of the Oberon Class submarine HMAS Otway now sits in a public park in the middle of town. In Chiltern we pass by the childhood home of the Australian writer Henry Handel Richardson, and learn that Henry’s real name was Ethel Florence. I learned too, that like other female writers have done throughout history, Ethel wrote under a male nom de plume because at the time it was felt that women didn’t have what it took to be great writers. And I also visited the town of Yass, and drop by the Liberty Cafà © for a meal before continuing on the journey, and turning page after page. Across its many short chapters, Bypass also introduced me to some of the thousands of bumper stickers that adorn the rear ends of many Australian vehicles. In fact, McGirr uses stickers as chapter headings to introduce the readers to every aspect of his journey. Thus, the bumper sticker THE OLDER I GET THE BETTER I WAS, allows him to explain some of his own personal story and the reasons for his decision to ride the Hume Highway. In the chapter THE GODDESS IS DANCING, McGirr introduces us to his riding partner Jenny, and in DEATH IS THE MANUFACTURER’S RECALL NOTICE, we pause to learn about some of the many roadside memorials that mark the sites of fatal road accidents that line the Highway. To conclude, the book is immensely readable, always entertaining and informative, often surprising, and constantly filled with odd facts and humorous anecdotes. These keep the story moving along smoothly and effortlessly – which cannot always be said of Michael McGirr’s monumental bike ride.

Routes to learning and impact on end results on Exercise to Music Essay

Routes to learning and impact on end results on Exercise to Music courses - Essay Example One method of training is the Freestyle approach which expands horizons and develops abilities; while the second method is the Pre-choreographed approach which trains instructors to conform to the traditional method of following a pre-written script developed by others. The two different learning outcomes depend on the particular productive process that integrates training and learning in context with each other (Felstead et al, 2006: 1). The health and fitness club sector in the United Kingdom has experienced rapid growth since the early 1990s. The steeply rising popularity of the fitness sector has reached nation-wide coverage, and has now levelled off into a plateau. Fitness organisations changed their focus on to increasing the productivity of the centres that are currently functioning. Hence, the emphasis on retaining existing members is growing, and more resources are being devoted for the same purpose (Mintel, 2005). Among various initiatives is the exercise to music program which has become a standardised brand name, and leaves little allowance for instructor innovation and creativity (Felstead et al, 2006: 4). Most of the health and fitness clubs in the United Kingdom provide facilities for group training in a fitness room that is designated for the purpose, and is equipped with a music system, loudspeakers and full-length mirrors (Mintel, 2005). Whereas machine-based workouts do not follow a timetable, exercise to music is conducted to a time scale. The participants experience a wider range of vision as well as physical space in which to function. Group exercise has the additional benefit of building social bonds between participants, thus increasing fitness club attendance and helping to keep membership levels high (FIA, 2003). The Exercise to Music (ETM) class is led by an ETM instructor present in front of the class, sometimes on a platform. The instructor uses a

Crude Oil Alternatives and The Future of the Transportation industry Research Paper

Crude Oil Alternatives and The Future of the Transportation industry (Trucking, Rail and Air) - Research Paper Example Historically transport has depended on animal power and then fossil fuels. The use of fossil fuels has been the human tradition for more than a century and a half now so there is little surprise that calls for change are gathering lingering discontent. The move to alternative energy systems may be slow but it is certainly steady. A number of avenues have been explored in regards to generating energy for the transportation industry. Ideas have ranged from the use of solar panels to the use of batteries in vehicles to power motion. These technologies can be seen as replacing the current transportation infrastructure altogether. However, certain other technologies such as the use of hydrogen will mean that the transportation infrastructure and principles will change but will not be replaced altogether. Another option is the merger between existing systems and newly introduced alternative technologies to create hybrid systems. These hybrid systems are currently the most viable option for changes in the transport industry. At this point in time, the transportation industry depends on one thing – an engine. All kinds of vehicles possess an engine to provide driving energy whether you talk of road vehicles, aquatic vehicles, air vehicles or space vehicles. The engine is fundamentally driven using materials that combust and in doing so provide energy. This applies equally across the board to all forms of conventionally powered vehicles. As far as changes to road vehicles are concerned, the industry has taken a large shift. In the early years of alternative energy development, the center focus remained the development of vehicles that utilized hydrogen as a fuel. This move was widely researched by leading manufacturers such as General Motors (GM), Ford, Honda, Toyota and BMW but a sustainable solution could not be found (BMW). One primary cause for the failure of this system was the need to replace the existing apparatus for fuelling while keeping costs to a mini mum. The oil based road vehicle took decades to come to a discernible form. Furthermore, a number of auxiliaries supports the oil based road vehicle in its operation. These include things such as manufacturing expertise, fuelling systems, maintenance systems etc. It was never practicable enough to realize a change in a few short years that would somehow replace the existing setup (Ghirardi, Togasaki and Seibert). Instead, the industry looked to other alternatives such as using the current hybrid systems. A hybrid system is essentially a combination of a conventional gasoline engine with a battery powered motor. The motor tends to operate in the lower driving speeds while the gasoline engine kicks in when more power is required. The road to change for road vehicles is expected to be the optimal path followed by other modes of transportation such as rail and air travel. Current attempts at alternative energy in air travel are looking at liquid hydrogen as the fuel of choice (Robertson ). However, rail transport alternative energy development is more advanced as hybrid solutions are being looked into. The rising costs of oil around the world are forcing manufacturers, retailers and operators to look for alternatives although the changes are not highly radical. In a few short years the price of crude oil has increased many fold. This trend is expected to continue as oil rich countries will control production

Revising E-mails and Podcasts Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Revising E-mails and Podcasts - Essay Example There have been many famous authors on this podcast like Joe Abercrombie  and Kristian Nairn  . I have been a great fan of your podcast Sword and laser as it is the cardinal tool in my learning of science fiction and fantasy literature but there are some improvements which can elevate the performance of your podcast; I sincerely recommend the following with kind suggestions. The first thing which should be diminished from the podcast is the reading session that is provided to the audience in which they read and then the review is started in order to inculcate the audience on the board to have their interest but the situation is different than the perception. The audience should be shown a short video summarizing the theme of the book or the hosts themselves should summarize the theme of the book for the audience and it will be enough to give them a touch about the book that is going to be reviewed and the show time will be saved in this way. The interest of the audience will also be developed because many people are only interested in the salient details of the book, not the in depth study. The podcast will become more interesting and to the point by adapting this improvement and more time can be spent on the review and analysis of the book. The other improvement which is needed in the podcast is the active participation of audience. People cannot ask the questions to the authors and just listen to them whereas in order to sustain the interest and interaction of the podcast, it is really necessary that the audience can pose questions to the writrs. The podcast allows the questions to the authors only from the active members. The third improvement is the types of questions which the hosts ask. Many a times, they asked irrelevant questions and the author of the book seemed to be frustrated. The hosts should be instructed to focus the questions on the topic (52 Podcasts, 2013). I went back

War Scroll (1QM) Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

War Scroll (1QM) - Research Paper Example From the current discussion it can be comprehended that the War Scrolls were discovered with the other Qumran Scrolls. It is a manual that lays out military strategy and organization for a serious war that seems to be the final showdown of years of divergence amongst two different groups of people. These groups are indicated in the scrolls as the Sons of Light against the Sons of Darkness. From the point of view of researcher, the War Scrolls demonstrate the theoretical framework and conception of a group of people who belonged to the sect that hid the Qumran Scrolls in the cave. The author of the discussion infers this logically because at the time that the scrolls are dated (that is 50 BCE), Ancient Israel was under Roman Rule. Roman Rule was seen by many Jews of Ancient Israel as a rule perpetrated by people of an evil background. This is because many sources including the Christian New Testament indicate that the Jewish people of Ancient Israel had little regards for non-Jews. Th ey also saw the rule of Rome as some form of evil oppression that prevented Jews from carrying out the commandments in the Laws of Moses. So it appears that the scrolls meant the final wars and battles that would be fought between Israel and the Roman nation that would ultimately liberate Israel from its enemies. However, there are numerous interpretations that have various logical backings. Content Image 1.1 The War Scrolls 1QM: Courtesy of Hebrew University of Jerusalem The War Scrolls , 1QM is made up of 19 columns (Sukenik 1955, 1). It contains descriptions of the final showdown between the Sons of Light and the Sons of Darkness. Since the display is not very clear and easily understandable to the modern man (ie it is not in chapters and verses as we have it in the Bible of today), it is divided into columns for the purpose of analysis amongst modern day theologists and social scientists. Philip Davies (1977) identifies that the 1QM or War Scrolls is divided into four main Parts . Part 1 which includes Columns 2 to 9 of the scrolls. It is about the basic elements of the war and it gives a description of the organization of the armies of the wars and the composition of the various units of the war and its spiritual implications which is paralleled with the 12 Tribes of Israel and the protection of the Covenant between Israel and God. Part 2 of the 1QM gives a background to the conflict and explains it into more details and includes some liturgical elements that makes the war more of a religious one than a secular one. It covers columns 14 to 19. Part 3 covers columns 10 – 14 whilst Part 4 is about column 1 which predicts the eventual victory of the Sons of Light over the Sons of Darkness. The extract from Image 1.1 above echoes elements from Numbers 10:9 (Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 2011 paragraph 1). This indicates that the war is to be fought with the various elements of a fair war which are outlined in the Torah in Numbers 10 and repeated by Mo ses in Deuteronomy 20. This includes amongst other things, the fact that a religious war should be sanctioned with a special priest from the descendants of Aaron who are known amongst Jews today as the Kohanim. The 1QM scrolls indicate that a special Kohen has to declare certain things to the soldiers before a religious war is sanctioned. This implies that the Sons of Light are really involved in some elements of Jewish religious life. The Sons of Light in the Qumran Scrolls are referred to as Yahad (Qumran.org). Yahad has a strong

Nigerian politics and culture Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Nigerian politics and culture - Research Paper Example Corruption is one of the problems that all countries around the globe are fighting with. It is evident from research that every country currently has formed a commission of enquiry to investigate on corruption, hence proving the challenge as a drawback. It entails the diversion of public/ proprietors funds or property into private ownership without the owners consent. Corruption encompasses rampant issues that should be duly defined to create a comprehension of its concepts to every individual in order to effectively curb the problem. More over, recent research has really focused on establishing the major causes of corruption, which include; poor government policies, endowment of natural resources, culture, politics as well as sociological factors. Furthermore, great impacts are experienced in a society dominated by corrupt enabling systems. These include an overall economic recession, inadequacy of peace and unity, wastage of time etc. However, the style and path corruption takes di ffers in different contexts depending on the root cause, control methodologies employed etc. Nevertheless, Nigeria has been long known for its extraordinary domination by corruption of all forms (Izibili and Aiya, 2007). The discussion in this paper offers a comprehensive research on corruption in Nigeria. Provision of a general overview of corruption and its definitive issues is vital in this case. It will also give a recap on nature and characteristics of corruption in Nigeria. More over, it will seek to establish the causes as well as the impacts of corruption in Nigeria. An overview of corruption and definitive issues Corruption is a form of funds or property misappropriation within an organization/ government or even between individual partnerships. It involves the process of securing power or material wealth through illegal means by individuals for personal gain. In the broad sense of view, two parties (a supplier and a demander) are often involved in a corruption deal when th ey arrange to exchange something illegally. In this case, the allocation of the property of exchange is done immediately or in future as well as facilitation of private gain facilitation at the expense of public property (Osoba, 1996). Innumerable styles are utilized in corruption in Nigeria. Misappropriation of public funds into private accounts by government officials is a common phenomenon in Nigerian corruption. Collection of bribes by police officers from people in order that they execute some of their duties is also rampant. In addition, most authorities may collect money illegally in the issuance of legal documents, for instance, passports, driving licenses, visas etc. Several models are available which describe directions that are commonly applied in corruption. The supply-initiated model involves the demander determining the course of the corruption. This is determined by the bribe-size, the desire of the briber as well as the time for the elision of such deals. The other i s the bribe-oriented model, which entails the setting of a particular price by the bribe. The fulfillment of such corruption models entails undergoing an opportunity cost by the briber in order that they may have an opportunity provided by bribes. Therefore, corruption takes a normal path that is

Privacy & Security Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 6500 words

Privacy & Security - Essay Example Page 21 4.4.4 Physical Data Stolen †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Page 21 4.4.5 Business Losses †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Page 21 5 Solution and Counter Measures †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Page 22 5.1 P3P †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Page 22 5.2 Semantic Web Solution †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Page 22 5.3 Studies on Credibility of SNS †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Page 23 5.4 Preventing SQL Injection Attacks †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â ‚¬ ¦.. Page 23 5.5 Voice Signatures †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Page 24 5.6 Risk Management Framework †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Page24 5.7 Television Program †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Page 25 5.8 Passports with Hidden Security Chip †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Page 25 5.9 Manual to Aware People †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Page 25 6 Conclusion & Recommendations †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Page 27 7 References †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚ ¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Page 28 Report Layout Abstract As ‘Electronic commerce’ evolves the business practices of the business around the world in terms of profitability, success, and gaining competitive advantages, there are many negative aspects that are linked with it. However, the areas are many, we have prioritized stealing confidential information and breaching data privacy of online users, there impacts on business, people, society and individuals. Background researches and studies have tried to enhance security but it is still the biggest challenge for security professionals and business. Threats... This esssay stresses that threats and impacts including the impact on different aspects is discussed along with real world scenarios that are mentioned in terms of physical and online stealing of identities, online attacks by hackers, impacts of social networking sites if they misuse information or not provide correct security measures. Solutions and suggestions section discuss the solution of issues related to data privacy, SNS impacts and online attacks in order to steal the confidential information of employees. The report discusses the importance of security and its effects on online services at the initial part of the report. The online users become victims easily as they are not aware of the authenticity and credibility of e commerce based websites. Security seals add credibility to a website so that the users can see how the company is managing user information. The review-highlighted aspects of consumer privacy, security aspects of people who use online services and conduct online transactions along with some steps that are required to make the negative impacts of e-commerce eliminated. Threats and impacts were discusses as threats includes SQL attacks, phishing, and impacts of data privacy have huge involvement in society that is in terms of social networking sites that is the best source for cyber criminals, email security on SNS etc. One more major impact that has put the UK and USA on the back foot is the Identity thefts. They are also associated with data privacy online as these id entities are stolen and are used in many different areas gain advantage.

American History Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 6

American History - Essay Example The harnessing of similarly skilled and unskilled populations into a cooperative entity to create products for marketing under a single roof was the most primitive form of a factory. Modern factories are highly sophisticated and expertly managed conglomerates which utilize the raw material and human resources in an energy efficient manner backed by highly sophisticated means of creating demand, transportation and marketing. The industrial revolution in the last few decades of the twentieth century has dictated much of the economic prosperity in the world and has become a natural part of our life. Our interpretation of historical industrialization is therefore much easier to envisage than what it could have been from a person living in the 18th or the 19th century. America was basically envisaged by its builders as a country whose backbone was intended to be agrarian rather than what actually happened during the course of history (McKinney, 2008). Thomas Jefferson initially promoted a n agrarian and subsistence farming based model for America which, to his dismay, gradually transformed into an industrial revolution based on innovation and enterprise, driven by profit which led to the emergence of market capitalism (McKinney, 2008). Historically, the period between the revolution and the civil war has been the most influential era which marked the emergence of factories, especially in the northern zone of the American republic in New England and Middle Atlantic states (Prude, 1997). This era saw the emergence of textile factories where mass production of the entity was undertaken under a single roof with the aid of innovative machinery which included powering by water mills. Factories were interpreted in those times as merely manufacturing units with some form of mechanization and use of mass labor (Prude J). In fact, in that era, any non-agriculture work situation was referred to as a factory before it acquired the modern

Marketing Channel for Saturn Motor Corporation Case Study

Marketing Channel for Saturn Motor Corporation - Case Study Example This paper illustrates that in order to market their products, Saturn targeted the working group of people, i.e. 18-49-year-old graduates from college; white collar job workers whose salaries exceeded $35,000 annually; and older women. It adopted an innovative approach to its marketing strategy by integrating technology, consumer ideas, and business systems into making quality low-cost vehicles that satisfied the customers. It's pricing policy of not haggle, and marketing strategy of bonding consumers to the company and extensive advertisements ensured a steady consumer supply due to its friendly approach. Utilizing the "market area approach" to assign geographical supply areas to retailers and promotion of brand loyalty through the use of names of cities helped to cultivate consumer specific approaches that reflected the needs of consumers from different environmental areas. Empowering the dealers to relate their suggestions to important decisions of the company assists the company to make important decisions for consumer satisfaction and dealer effectiveness. All dealers are trained in leadership in transacting, resolution of conflicts, listening assertively and organizational behavior on recruitment to enable maintenance of dealer organization whose aim is customer satisfaction. Restricting owner's name from appearing in the dealership may also place a huddle in the marketing channel since some of the dealers might have big names that some of the customers may wish to relate to. Opportunities Saturn can relax their strategy of no-haggle to incorporate bargaining to cater for the customers who may be more attracted to this strategy hence attract more customers. They can increase their customer base and target other people outside their age limiting brackets thus increase the number of their customers. They can apply some of the channeling strategies used by other successful auto dealers in their own strategies in order to compete effectively. Threats Competit ion from the Japanese; foreign manufacturers and other automobile companies especially those whose standards are flexible to accommodate various customer and dealer preferences. Banks may require a lot of conditions before they can offer loans to the company. These conditions may prove hard for the company to meet thus banks may end up delaying money to be used in market channeling or refuse to loan it at all thus causing great inconveniences. Misrepresentation of Saturn's products by the media companies may threaten the reception of the products by the people. Marketing Channel Strategy The target markets usually adopts ways through which they would wish products to be sold hence, designing consumer-friendly strategies involves giving an ear to the demands of the consumers and giving their suggestions as inputs in the

Monumental Architecture Essay Example for Free

Monumental Architecture Essay Monumental architecture is large man-made structure of stone or earth. I live in New York, one of the largest cities in the world. We have many examples of the monumental architectures. The top ten of them are the Statue of Liberty, Grant’s Tomb, Grand Army Plaza, Washington Square Arch, Columbus Circle Fountain, The Grand Army Plaza, Literary Walk, Richard Morris Hunt Memorial, 107th Infantry Memorial, and the 911 Memorial. I have been living in New York City for the last twenty years. On September 11, 2011, I arrived at work as usually fifteen minutes earlier and while I was parked my car I heard on the radio that one of the airplane struck the World Trade Tower. I came to my floor and told all my workers about it. Our building was located in the East part of New York; we could see the Twins Towers from our windows. From our windows, we saw how the second airplane struck the second tower. Panic struck everyone. In the Towers and the area surrounding, there were friends and relatives, we feared for their lives. We tried to reach them but the phone lines were over-flowing and we cannot reach them right away. From the windows in our offices we saw how the building collapsed. After that our director decided to close our office early in order for us to go be with our families. From work I went directly to school to pick up my daughter and on our way home I tried to explain to her what happening in the morning. My friends and relatives safely escape from the area of Twins Towers but many other lives were lost. As a tribute of remembrance and honor to the lives lost on September 11, 2001, a memorial was built by the name of the 911 Memorial. This memorial is located at the World Trade Center site, the former location of the Twin Towers. The memorial contains two square pools in the center, where the Twin Towers once stood surrounded by the forest of trees. The design of memorial is thirty feet below street level which was started in the year of 2006. This design contains the footprints of the buildings that stood. On September 11, 2011, a dedication ceremony was held at the memorial. The memorial officially was opened to the public on September 12, 2011. The museum of this tragedy opened around September 11, 2012. Many people now visit the memorial to remember not only the lives lost but of the heroes who went into the buildings to save others. www.911memorial.org http://www.cnn.com/2011/12/29/us/new-york-911-memorial/ http://timeline.national911memorial.org http://www.nationalgeographic.com/remembering-9-11/place-of-remembrance/ http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/44483977/ns/us_news-9_11_ten_years_later/t/memorial-plaza-nyc-opens-public/#.UP7cZ_JX-KI Rttp://gswho went into the firre

Issues Faced By Marks And Spencer Commerce Essay

Issues Faced By Marks And Spencer Commerce Essay Supply chain management  (SCM) is the process of managing an interconnected business network in the provision of service packages and products needed by the end customers within the supply chain.  The process of supply chain management spans all storage and movement of the finished goods, work in process inventory, raw material storage and finished goods from the point of origin to the place of consumption. (Buxton, 2009) It mainly involves monitoring, control, execution and design of supply chain objectives with the aim of building net value, competitive infrastructure, synchronizing and leveraging worldwide logistics with respect to the demand and supply thereby measuring performance globally. (Especially in the cases like MS). So there is every chance for of issues to take place in global supply networks. (Briggs, 2002) The suppliers bargaining power is very low in clothing industry especially when it is in retail clothing purchases and buying. The supplier of MS are changed quite often, the best example is that the company have alliance with British suppliers in order to attain high quality but later it decided to outsource it globally, this decision has been taken putting lower costs in consideration but the supplier relationships has raised questions. Now MS is no longer reliant on specific suppliers, so the bargaining power of them has drastically lowered. MS is also purchasing good in bulk which is leading the bargaining power to fall year by year. (Murray, 2013) The biggest single problem at the moment with MS is the logistics, Christmas in 2012 saw unexpectedly bad fall of 3.8% in the sales and Simon Irwin to BBC has claimed it to be the supply chain which is the cause. They are making measures to modernize it but not until 2016 and this is causing many problems with to the suppliers. Pitcher (2009) MS is undertaking a multimillion-pound plan which includes big logistical moves having automated warehouses but this transformation period is causing logistical issues in communicating the demand and forecast of the goods globally. (Foster, 2013) With the steady decrease in the pound value and European debt crisis the suppliers of UK retail giants are facing problems with profits, the currency conversion is one of the issues faced by the suppliers as MS has outsourced its supplier opportunities to other countries leaving the British companies. Moreover MS is proposing amendments to the relationship with its supplier asking them to contribute (600millions) to the revamp and innovative plans but they are missing a fact even they have to identify their core market before doing this. The supplier contributions might be very common in the non-food and food retail industry but the input levels of the suppliers will be escalated suddenly. They are expecting 1.25% retrospective levy in an year turnover. It might be a part of journey among the vendor and suppliers but having a department store format comprising of multiple brands this is raising questions to their brand name. (Mortimer, 2011). Supplier partnership with MS is not very transparent these days as there are different organizations including distinct departments are involved in their supply chain. The expectations and results of MS is creating pressure and more competition among the suppliers thereby decreasing the bargaining power. (Murray, 2013) SCOR model suggest to use a common language for the language of supply chain but MS is solely concentrating on cutting the cost when selecting the suppliers and this is effecting many past suppliers and the brand image of the company. Shifting its base to other countries rather than in UK has decreased the supply visibility of MS so the order batch size is drastically reduced where the suppliers are not able gain bigger margins on the supply to MS. Whitehead (2001) Risk management is an end to end aspect in a supply chain and all the key partners should be involved according to their demand planning and manufacturing capacity but MS during the recession had a tough time to manage financial risks of the suppliers who are in alliance. Many companies like MS are looking to shift more risk on the suppliers, they are ordering only what they need or to fill the shelves of the stores which is now becoming a new set of challenges for the suppliers. Pitcher (2009) They are trying to put the supply chain as thin as possible by taking active role in planning the demand but by limiting the product complexity which comes from the late-stage customizations and inventory-related risks the responsibility is being transformed to the suppliers who are at the end of the chain rather than distributing equally throughout the supply chain. Whitehead (2001) 2. Critically evaluate how large organizations like Marks and Spencer can work with their suppliers to increase the level of understanding and align their supply chain processes? [25 Marks] Developing supplier relationships and level of understanding: In the supply chain, the ability of Marks Spencer in actively responding to the varying needs and demands of customers is determined by the relation the company holds with buyers and suppliers. Marks Spencer has ensured the business growth of suppliers. The critical element in the business development is the trust and relationship between the suppliers and Marks Spencer. (Murray, 2013) Fairness is one of the main elements in supply chain management. (Briggs, 2002) Closely working with limited suppliers pertains to helping them for meeting the business aspirations without costing a lot for other main suppliers. In supply chain management, the starting point is coordinating the business strategy of Marks Spencer with the business plans of suppliers. This provides the direction and structure for all the suppliers. Integrity forms the heart of this process. It is very important for Marks Spencer to ensure that they have dealt with all parties in equitable and fair way such that rela tions will be sustained and there will be opportunities and developments in long term. (Buxton, 2009) Supplier Strategy Many suppliers are being in contact with Marks Spencer. This relation is interdependent as the Marks Spencer organization largely depends on the supplier capabilities in meeting the customer requirements. If the organization has successfully met the customer needs, suppliers can reap the rewards and benefits. Supplier meeting enables everyone in the supply chain to provide clear structure for wide range of products in the early stages. Key issues like which products must be used, which products should be manufactured and released and other technical priorities can be identified. (Buxton, 2009) The potential problems which hinder the business should be identified and solved. Conducting the early meetings reduces the burden on crisis management. (Foster, 2013) In meetings, discussions will also be done on developing previous seasons products such that priorities can be established in coming years. The meetings focus on sales patterns, market and fashion trends, theme boards, and color palette, components involved in various products, and fit and range of products. This will hugely increase the level of understanding. Pitcher (2009) Methods to tackle the issues and maintaining relationship with retailers Functional shifts generally take place when distinct entities in the supply chain partnership vary and it will have a substantial amount of power economically over other entities. Moreover the entities that are powerful will transfer more activities and responsibilities on to a weaker entity and the weaker entities are made to look for ways to cut the distribution or manufacturing costs. So the four key factors that global companies like MS need from their suppliers are electronic data interchange, storage of raw inventory, organization of products and various packaging activities. The retail supply chain should be optimized with the help of cross-entity functions in order to maximize the profits in the entire supply chain. There is also another retailer and supplier partnership initiative namely CPFR (collaborative planning, forecasting, and replenishment). Crum and Palmatier (2004) claimed that focal point to reduce uncertainty must be the demand knowledge of the global retailers. This will help the suppliers and in turn reduces the bullwhip effect. There should not be differences in actual orders and demand information as this will result in suppliers fulfilling orders unnecessarily. To maintain good relations the communication between the global retailers and the suppliers should be more open with trust. (Foster, 2013) Fig 1: Strategy for improvement of SCM in retail sector. Pitcher (2009) The supplier retailer trend of collaboration can be done using the VMI method (vendor managed inventory). Davis (1999) claimed that maintain VMI facilitates cost cutting for both suppliers and retailers thereby increases customer service level. VMI is a method by which vendors hold the responsibility to determine level of retail replenishment and manage the inventory of the retailer. The retailers can meet the customer demand very easily as there will be frequent replenishment according to the demand or distribution facilities. The on shelf availability of the global companies will be increased which results in increase of sales revenue of the retailer. Fig 3: Visibility enhancement in SCM (Suppliers and retailers perspectives). Whitehead (2001) The supplier also benefit as the variability of the demand is transparent. Ultimately the suppliers can be prepared well in advance to avoid logistical issues and transportation costs. Although this method incurs risks because of sharing the sensitive data across the companies it provides good results. A company like MS can implement the VMI as they are direct buyers and direct sellers in the market which makes it easy to distinguish the data shared with various suppliers. (Briggs, 2002) 3. Analyze which supply chain solutions could be employed to answer the variety in consumer demand and associated fluctuation from its customers on the global supply network of Marks and Spencer. [25 Marks] An organization should have a clear understanding about the opportunities and potential threats of their suppliers for taking competitive advantage in the market conditions. Suppliers can be defined as the collection of organizations and individuals who act as the potential sellers of services and products. Market conditions will be influenced by many factors such as changes in the buying patterns, needs, demands and expectations of customers. MS incorporates fashion, food and core products. In an organization manufacturing of various products is determined by changes in the business trends and preference of people. So, organizations have to constantly update their products and release new products for meeting the customer demands. (Buxton, 2009) If the organizational performance is not up to the standards expected by the people, the failure probability will be very high. In Marks Spencer, designing and developing new products has turned out to be one of the toughest challenges. The organization has to identify and analyze the gaps which created failure to sustain and flourish in the tough market conditions. In order to understand and analyze the complex cycle of retail market, decision makers should have entrepreneurial flair, experience and sound judgment. The best example is the UK lingerie market which is  £1.75 billion worth. The Marks Spencer is a market leader which can be indicated by the statistical figures which show that the organization is having a market share of 40%. In order to take competitive advantage, Marks Spencer should have good relation and understanding with their buyers and suppliers. (Murray, 2013) The strategic objectives of Marks Spencer are to develop new products such that they satisfy the customer needs in terms of fit and comfort and are available on demand. The products should be specified clearly such that they can be launched to any manufacturing site and provide maximum benefits. The season strategy meeting of Marks Spencer will be a good opportunity for the suppliers in discussing about their expectations and areas of growth in business. This meeting enables the decision makers of Marks Spencer in providing realistic assessment about where the suppliers have to develop. In this stage, discussions broach many issues regarding how others should be encouraged in taking their products and how the knowledge should be spread. MS supply chain and use of technological recommendations: MS has more supply chain partners all over the world and there is an increase in the supply chain initiatives. So the company should make use of the technology to meet the demand of the customers. Using technology will help MS to cut costs and communicate better. The company can make use of the international information technology to drive its suppliers as it is a unique way of supply chain. The supply chain of MS should also make use of the RFID tags which will help them to pilot the changes in the trend of the sales. With the ability to store more data in a omni-directional way with automatic barcode detection MS can provide error-free visibility, delivery and fulfillment within its supply chain. It will also decrease the labor cost as it does not need human intervention. Hence the response to the demand of the consumer and events which are unanticipated in the supply chain of MS will be expected to be faster than ever before with all these strategies. Fig 4: Meeting customer demand and reduction of time variability (Murray, 2013) Securing growth and meeting the customer demands need truly global Customer and supplier Networks, it is clear that the future of the retail giants depend on the global customers and products that are customized. So the supply chain complexity will grow accordingly and it needs to be managed effectively. (Erog, 2002). 85% of the companies in the world are expecting the supply chain complexity to grow significantly in the next decade. Hence the locations of the customers along with product variants and SKU counts grow, then the manufacturing locations might decline drastically because of outsourcing. Thereafter it is obvious that there will be scarcity in the suppliers where MS could end up not meeting the demand of it customers. So the recommendation is to configure supply chains regionally because the regional supplier will better understand the trend before bundling the goods. They can also make the logistics look better and easy. MS decision to outsource work to the global supplie rs might help them to reduce the cost but on a long term basis the distribution centers might be a supply chain problem if it expands in a faster pace than ever before. (Buxton, 2009) The major supplier for Marks Spencer over the last 50 years is the Coutaulds textiles, one of the large scale textile organizations. Both the organizations share common values and goals. The Courtaulds textiles reap the rewards if the Marks Spencers product range is successful. The textile organization firmly believes that the Marks Spencers demand for excellence and through the organizations support the Courtaulds Textiles has turned out to be one of the prominent companies. Both the organizations ever consider that the people always look for innovation and newness in products. (Briggs, 2002) This stimulated the innovation and interest which directed the market towards scientific and technological development. Following the standards of environment and quality, Coutaulds textiles have become one of the successful textile organizations. On the side MS has earned reputation in meeting the customer demand. Pitcher (2009) 4. Evaluate the role of Quality in enhancing the efficiency and effectiveness of the Marks and Spencer supply chain. [25 Marks] Role of quality: Quality in the context of supply chain has many factors involved in it, so this section brings you a critical understanding of how the quality can enhance the effectiveness of MS supply chain. (Erog, 2002) 4.1 Customer focus The core principle and idea behind quality of MS is customer focus. Quality effort arises from customer needs and end with customer acceptance. In supply chain, customers are classified as sellers, manufacturers, suppliers and users. In supply chain, problems arise due to inadequate communication between members in supply chain. (Buxton, 2009) In the process of bidding, procurement specifications are equivocal and buyers dont dare to argue about them. So as discussed earlier if the communication with the suppliers and customers are of high quality it gives the best edge for MS to enhance their supply chain effectively. 4.2 Leadership Leadership determines the effectiveness in the process of quality management. Leadership should be effective improving the quality effort. In supply chain, leadership is the core enterprise because development strategy is established through it. (Erog, 2002) Core enterprise must be a leading for adequately considering the expectations and needs of members in supply chain, lead the team members and in establishing a holistic target. In parallel, core enterprise must foster more leaders in quality assessment. MS has to consider the target and expectations of the customers by making the availability of goods with high standards. 4.3 Involvement of people The prerequisite in quality management is exertion of creativity and enthusiasm in all the employees. In supply chain, work environment should be excelsior such that employees will be inspired in showing enthusiasm and come up with creative thoughts. (Whitehead, 2001) In the system of supply chain, employees should learn the skills, technologies and principles of quality. In supply chain, the ethos of self-knowledge and self-motion can be fostered. MS Quality Control teams are cross functional and by means of establishing them we can enable the employees to actively participate in supply chain. 4.4 Process management The modern quality view focuses on the process of quality management and not on the traditional quality view. In every step of supply chain, the correlative processes involved are service, selling, inventory, production, logistics and procurement which will be having their own set of independent programs and objectives. (Murray, 2013) Some conflicts exist between suppliers and retailers but the mutual effects between the processes should be identified and managed such that the supply chain operation will be harmonious. Although MS is outsourcing supplier opportunities, if it can maintain the quality standards of the local companies it will have the best ways to improve their efficiency. System management The system approach considers the quality management as holistic system in identifying and managing the sub systems. The mutual promotion and coordinated effect in sub-systems improve the efficiency and validity of targets. In supply chain, enterprise must confirm the relation of mutual dependence in the processes, break the boundaries in members of supply chain and integrate various processes in the system of supply chain. Operational efficiency is denoted by the ability in collocating the resources rationally between sub systems. (Whitehead, 2001) Finally, in the supply chain system which comprises of supply, production, inventory, transport and distribution realizes the quality and policy of target by means of optimal operational mode. This will enhance the efficiency of supply chain process at MS. (Erog, 2002) Continual improvement The focus of modern research quality will be on continual improvement. Enterprise should improve the service quality as well as product quality and reduce the costs such that customer satisfaction is ensured. As the competition is increasing, more burden has been created in the continual improvement of supply chain process. (Erog, 2002) Logistic providers, sellers and suppliers should improve their skills for achieving the harmony and establishing the quality assurance. Core enterprise must use benchmarking for continually improving the performance. Factual approach to decision making The data available should be adequate such that decision making will be effective. Many organizations are using the technologies like POS, EDI, ERP and MRP for making decisions effectively. (Buxton, 2009). Data gathered should be analyzed for decision making. Based on the data analysis, potential problems can be found in the every stage of supply chain. Decisions should be taken accordingly for improving the organizational performance. Most importantly they should speed up the process of warehouse automation upgrades (Due till 2016) because it will affect the supply chain and logistics in a huge way Mutually beneficial supplier relationships As mentioned earlier profits margin cuts and fund requests (1.5% from suppliers) mentioned in section 1 is not good for MS to maintain supply chain quality. The recommendation provided companies work directly with the suppliers of raw materials and ensure that materials are of high quality. (Murray, 2013). Many TQM organizations are working in collaboration with suppliers for increasing the product quality. Organizations are maintaining quality action teams in consulting their major suppliers. Value will be added if there is good relation between suppliers and organization. So if the above strategies are followed in the context of quality then MS can enhance their efficiency with respect to their strong supply chain. References: Alon, (1999), International Franchising Modes of Entry, in Franchising Beyond the Millennium: Learning Lessons From the Past, Society of Franchising 13th Annual Conference. Briggs, A. (2002), St. Michael Marks and Spencer PLC. in International Directory of Company Histories, A. Hast, eds., St. James press, 124-126. Business Week (2008), Marks Sparks Isnt Throwing Off Any, (November 16), 64. Buxton (2009), MS Chief Rejigs Retail Operation, Marketing Week, 22 (12), 6. Crum and Palmatier (2004), Marks and Spencer, in International Retailing, Brenda Sternquist, eds., New York: Fairchild Publications, 159-166. Dow Jones Industrial, Executive Report Marks Spencer PLC, http:mrstg1s.djnr.com/cgibin/DJIntera_binding=get_name=nullsearchText=U.MAR, (Retrieved December 26, 2012). Ethical Trading Initiative (2008) MS: Getting Supplier Buy-In (Online) Available at http://www.ethicaltrade.org/in-action/member-performance/marks-and-spencer-getting-buy-in (Accessed on 09 January 2013) Erog, S. (2002), The Internationalization Process of Franchise Systems: A Conceptual Model, International Marketing Review , 9 (5), 19-30 Foster (2013) Top 25 Third-Party Logistics Providers Extend Their Global Reach (Online) Available at http://www.supplychainbrain.com/content/sponsored-channels/kenco-logistic-services-third-party-logistics/single-article-page/article/top-25-third-party-logistics-providers-extend-their-global-reach/ (Accessed on 10 January 2013) MS (Marks Spencer) Press Releases (1999): www.marks-andspencer.co.uk/corporate/press-releases/19990518.002.html (retrieved 5/27/99).  © MS Annual Report (2008): www.marks-and-spencer.co.ukate/annualreport/Europe(Far-East or America)/main.html (retrieved 10/9/98). Market Guide (2009), Wal-Mart Stores, Inc., (June 5), 1-15. Marketing (2009), MS Doubles Ad Budget in L20m Branding Review, (March 25), 9. McIntyre, Faye S. and Sandra M. Huszagh (1995), Internationalization of Franchising Systems, Journal of International Marketing, 3 (4), 39-56. Murray M (2013) Quality In The Purchasing Process (Online) Available at http://logistics.about.com/od/qualityinthesupplychain/a/Quality-In-The-Purchasing-Process.htm (Accessed on 11 January 2013) Murray M (2013) Quality Inspections In The Supply Chain (Online) Available at http://logistics.about.com/od/strategicsupplychain/a/Quality-Inspections-In-The-Supply-Chain.htm (Accessed on 12 January 2013) Murray M (2013) Total Quality Management (TQM) (Online) Available at http://logistics.about.com/od/qualityinthesupplychain/a/TQM.htm (Accessed on 12 January 2013) Pitcher (2009), Reality Forces UK Retail Giants To Check Out Their Strategic Options, Marketing Week, (January 21), 21-24. Whitehead (2001), International Franchising Marks Spencer: A Case Study, International Journal of Retail Distribution Management, 19 (2), 10-12.

Death Penalty For Drug Trafficking

Death Penalty For Drug Trafficking I have chosen to focus on the death penalty for drug trafficking for the following reasons: Some governments will sentence those who are convicted for just the possession of drugs to the death penalty, while other countries are more lenient and do not do so. From this study, I want to know if the enforcement of the death penalty may affect drug trafficking through its deterrence effect. I also want to find out more on the present situation of drug trafficking and thus predict what may happen in the future, with regard to the application and the law on drug offences. Death Penalty for Drug Trafficking: Is it really necessary? Introduction Drug abuse produces long term consequences and problems in societies. Drug trafficking is a serious offence and drug traffickers should be punished. However, should the death penalty be imposed on drug traffickers? Do they deserve the death penalty? Some countries believe implementing the death penalty for drug trafficking has a deterrent effect and would control the drug problem. However, is this really the case? Which countries enforce the death penalty for drug trafficking? There are currently twenty-one countries which state in their laws that those whom are caught trafficking drugs and committing other drug offenses will face the death penalty. From Annex I, it shows that mainly countries in Asia, 18 out of 21, enforce the death penalty for drug trafficking. How does Singapores and Mexicos laws view drug trafficking? Singapore and Mexico were chosen because I want to see the contrast between the laws of a very strict country and one that has a drug war going on and producing a large amount of drugs. Singapore has strict, even draconian laws regarding the misuse of drugs and drug trafficking. This is shown in Singapores laws, under the Misuse of Drugs Act, which state that the trafficking of a certain amount of drugs will result in the person receiving a mandatory death penalty such as 250 grams of amphetamines and 1,200 grams of opium containing 30 grams of morphine. In addition, any person possessing over a certain amount of drugs, such as 15 grams of heroin, 500 grams of cannabis and 30 grams of cocaine  [1]  will be presumed drug trafficking unless proven otherwise and convicted of the death sentence.  [2]   On the other hand, Mexico, a major drug-producing and transit country, has laws which are much more lax than Singapore. Recently, a new law was passed in Mexico that decriminalized the simple possession  [3]  of drugs. Under this law it is stated that if person is found to possess an amount of drugs under the allowable quantity, they will just be told what are the possible drug rehabilitation options in their area.  [4]  The allowable amounts are 5 grams of marijuana and 50 milligrams of heroin, which both contain multiple doses, and 0.5 grams of cocaine. Even if a person is found to be in possession of up to 1,000 times the allowable amounts, he would only be sentenced to 10 months 3 years in prison.  [5]   What are the main arguments for and against the usage of the death penalty? This leads us to the issue of whether using the death penalty is justified for drug trafficking. There are quite a number of factors for people to support the death penalty. First, by killing the criminal, there is one less criminal in society to do harm, thus offering safety and protection. Secondly, it is a deterrent, as people may not want to take the risk to commit a serious crime if the punishment is death. Supporters say that death penalty has been made as humane as possible and can be carried out professionally.  [6]  The death penalty also helps justify the victims death.  [7]   However, there are also many factors to oppose using the death penalty for drug trafficking. Some religious groups say that life is sacred and killing should not be allowed in any circumstances and death penalty is not pro-life. Also, the imposition of the death penalty is a cruel and unusual punishment  [8]  . Opponents also believe that studies of death penalty for deterrence are highly exaggerated and arguments in those studies are flawed. In addition, death penalty is always cruel and can never be humane.  [9]  In the context of Singapore, opponents of death penalty feel that the usage of the death penalty may result in a higher chance of an innocent person being executed  [10]  as Singapore employs a guilty until proven innocent law.  [11]   After considering the arguments from both sides, I am against imposing the death penalty. This is mainly due to the fact that there is no confirmed deterrent effect resulting from imposing the death penalty. Though some studies advocate that enforcement of death penalty can deter people from committing crimes  [12]  , other studies indicated that there is insufficient evidence to prove that death penalty actually has a deterrent effect  [13]  . There is really no proof that a person would not commit a crime due to fear of execution. In addition, death penalty is irreversible, so any miscarriages of justice may result in grave consequences as the dead cannot be brought back to life. Does the death penalty for drug trafficking have a deterrent effect on criminals? There is little information regarding whether the death penalty for drug trafficking has an actual deterrent effect on criminals in Singapore. However, I have created a line graph showing a comparison of the number of drug related executions and the total number of drug abusers arrested in Singapore. Fig. 1 Number of drug-related executions  [14]  in relation to the total number of drug abusers arrested in Singapore in hundreds  [15]   From Fig. 1 above, it is shown that there is no correlation between the number of drug-related executions and the total number of drug abusers arrested in Singapore. There have been some instances where there has been some correlation though, from the year 1994 to 1997 both the numbers of drug-related executions and drug abusers dropped, albeit at different rates. Also, from 2000 to 2001, both numbers rose. However, this does not prove that there is a deterrent effect for the death penalty as the number of drug abusers should increase when the number of drug related executions drop. There are probably other factors affecting the number of drug abusers and drug-related executions such as the effectiveness of the criminal justice system, demographic changes and economic conditions. With a more effective criminal justice system, there could be more executions regardless of whether there is an increase or decrease in the number of drug abusers. Changing demographics could lead to more drug abusers if the change involved an increase in younger population between the ages of 13 to below 30. This however, may not necessarily lead to more executions though one would think that more drug abusers could lead to an increase in drug trafficking. There is just no simple correlation among these factors. When economic conditions are bad, the number of drug abusers may increase as people abuse drugs to relieve their unhappiness.  [16]  However, there may be less executions, since costs required for executing a person is quite high, over USD$1 million as a doctor is needed to be employed to certify the criminals death  [17]  . Is the death penalty really necessary? What would happen if all countries currently practising the death penalty abolish it in the next 20 years? With increasing pressure from Amnesty International and an ever increasing opposition to the death penalty, governments of countries would be under increasing pressure to abolish death penalty due to drug trafficking. In my opinion, the abolishment of death penalty may not lead to a surge of drug trafficking as drug trafficking is affected more by the demand for drugs than the fear of the death penalty. Also, there are other alternatives such as life imprisonment without parole. Also, what would happen to the society if the death penalty was abolished? As mentioned above, the abolition of the death penalty can occur due to pressure from Amnesty International and other organisations. I believe that society in general would not be much affected as there has not been any proof that death penalty acts as a deterrent. Hence, drug trafficking would not be greatly increased. Pro-life members of the society would welcome the abolishment while the supporters of death penalty would put pressure on the government to step up law enforcement to prevent increased drug trade and use. From the previous two scenarios, I conclude that imposing the death penalty for drug trafficking is not necessary because drug trafficking will not increase when the death penalty is abolished as there is no deterrent effect and it may help with tightening law enforcement on drug trafficking and abuse. Word Count: 1475

St Johns Wort: Treating Depression Naturally :: Biology Essays Research Papers

St John's Wort: Treating Depression Naturally As the majority of people in this world, I suffer from mild depression from time to time. Although this has never been serious enough to cause any changes in my ability to function, it is enough of an interference in my life to cause me to seek some sort of therapy. Most of the time a good healthy cry or some exercise will take care of any mild depression but there are times when more is needed. Many people in this sort of situation are reluctant to try any sort of "personality altering" drug such as Prozac. There is little doubt that these drugs do wonders for people with cases of severe depression but they are a little extreme for the minor depression found in most everyday life. A natural alternative to these synthetic drugs seems greatly appealing to me. Many vitamin and pharmaceutical companies are now offering such a drug: St John's Wort. This natural "mood-enhancer", also known as hypericum, is now being displayed all over television, the radio, and the Internet. It can be found everywhere: in the local health food store, grocery stores, across the Internet, and in some countries, the doctor's office(1) (2). But what is it? Is it really safe? How much is actually known about the effects of this "wonder cure"? The answers to these questions are not as easily answered as one might think. Although the Internet is a strong source of information it is very cluttered with advertisement sites for this drug providing little or no information besides its benefits and praises (3). Also, this drug has not yet been approved by the FDA in the United States and therefore is not prescribed. Following FDA approval, more will be known about the drug and its effects. There is little doubt that this drug does wonders for mild depression. In 1996 research in England showed that hypericum not only worked better than the placebo but in many cases worked just as well as the tested prescription drugs (4). The National Health Institute is currently in the middle of a three-year research project concerning hypericum that should end in the year 2000. FDA approval should be following shortly thereafter. In Germany, however, hypericum is a licensed drug that is prescribed twice as often as standard antidepressants (1). Almost 200,000 prescriptions are filled every month for Jarsin, a drug containing hypericum (5).

David Gutersons Snow Falling on Cedars Essay examples -- Guterson Sno

David Guterson's Snow Falling on Cedars The early 1940’s were tough times for many Japanese living in America. This is all due to the Japanese and American conflict in World War II, after Japan decided to bomb Pearl Harbor. After this incident many Japanese-Americans were discriminated against and were thought of as bad Japanese instead of the Americans they were. A lot of these Japanese-Americans were unfairly sent to internment camps in the United States. This is also true of the incidents that take place in the fictional novel Snow Falling On Cedars, by David Guterson. The discrimination all started at about 8:00 AM on December 7, 1941. At this time the Japanese assembled a fleet of planes and attacked Pearl Harbor, which is located off the shore of Hawaii. The Japanese decided to attack the United States because the U.S. enforced an oil embargo against Japan. This attack included a striking force of 353 Japanese aircraft. This was done by total surprise, before there was even a formal declaration of war. This was a well-planned time for the attack seeing how there were about 100 of the United States ships present on that day. At the same time there was an attack on a nearby field. This attack destroyed 18 of the United States aircraft (Pearl 1). During the time of the attack on Pearl Harbor, there were 127,000 people of Japanese decent that were living in America. Many of the Americans began to fear that these people were going to turn on America and help out their country of ancestry. The following quote shows what it was like for many Japanese living in America. Some 1,500 â€Å"enemy aliens† who were thought to have connections with Japan were immediately rounded up and interned by the De... ...s, the eyes of a man hiding something (269).† The Americans judge the Kabuo because of his squinted Japanese eyes. They think that his eyes show that he is hiding his guilt. The novel Snow Falling On Cedars shows a lot of the same prejudice that was around in the real world during World War II. This book was just a fictional story, but it definitely did deal with the situation of the real world at that time. Hopefully one day all races and ethnicities can unite and live in one place with out prejudice. Works Cited Arrington, Leonard. The Price of Prejudice. Logan, Utah: The Faculty Association Utah State University, 1962 Guterson, David. Snow Falling on Cedars. New York: Vintage Books, 1995 â€Å"Korematsu V. US† â€Å"Pearl Harbor: Remembered†

Destiny, Fate, Free Will and Free Choice in Oedipus the King - Avoidance of Prophecy :: Oedipus the King Oedipus Rex

Avoidance of Prophecy in Oedipus Rex    Oedipus Rex illustrates the Greek concept that trying to circumvent prophetsÕ predictions is futile. The play includes three main prophecies: the one made to Laius concerning his death by the hands of his son, a similar one directed to Oedipus, and one made by Tiresias foretelling OedipusÕ discovery of the murdererÕs identity. Both recipients of these oracles attempt to avoid their destinies, but both wind up following the paths which the Fates have prescribed. Laius had received a prophesy which declares Ã’that doom would strike him at the hands of [his] son....Ó Jocasta, in an attempt to ease OedipusÕ worries, endeavors to defame prophesy in general by describing LaiusÕ apparent circumvention of the augury. When LaiusÕ son wasnÕt yet three days old, the king had the infantÕs ankles fastened together, and then gave the boy to a henchman to be flung onto Ã’a barren, trackless mountainÓ; Jocasta believes her son dead. Laius had believed that by killing his only son, he would be able to avoid the oracleÕs prediction. However, the shepherd entrusted with the terrible task of infanticide pitied the baby and gave him to another shepherd, who, in turn, donated the child to the King and Queen of Corinth. The boy, Oedipus, was raised as the son of King Polybus and Queen Merope, and still believes himself to be their issue even as Jocasta relates the ironic story of his own previous Ã’death.Ó Oedipus, of course, finds out that it was indeed his own, true father, Laius, that he has killed at the crossroads at Phocis. LaiusÕ attempt at foiling fate didnÕt work; Oedipus killed him because of a slight insult. Because Laius felt to shameful to kill the infant himself, he took a risk in hoping that his loyal shepherd would murder the child for him. That risk allowed Oedipus to live and, therefore, to kill his own father without knowing his true identity. Had Laius not attempted to have his newborn 1 killed, the boy still would have caused his fatherÕs death somehow, because the oracles are never wrong, and most Greeks realize thereÕs no way to escape fate. Oedipus also tries to avoid his fate, which he had received from ApolloÕs oracle at Delphi. While Oedipus lived as Prince of Corinth, a drunken

World Hunger

We will often hear of people’s desire to solve world hunger, or to help feed and alleviate the suffering associated with it. However, meaningful long-term alleviation is rooted in the alleviation of poverty, as poverty has always led to hunger. As our efforts have only been directed at providing food, and improving food production or distribution, we then generate the structural root causes that create hunger, poverty and dependency to still remain. Along with this; continuous effort, recourses and energies are given to relieve the pains of hunger in our world. There are many inter-related issues that are the cause of hunger; these are also the same factors that are known to cause poverty. Agricultural practices, war, drought, overfishing and the wasting of food; are some of the many causes of both world hunger and poverty. Because they are connected in a way; solving world hunger becomes hard and nearly impossible to stop. Both hunger and poverty have always led to each other in the end; making the issue uncontrollable and unstoppable. In order for one of these issues to be solved, would require the alleviation of the other; causing a long, endless chain of continuation. Hunger and poverty are very serious issues, and in no way should just be swept under the rug. The amount of food that gets thrown away each day is shocking; and could probably feed 100 people. We don’t do this intentionally; but we waste pounds of food each day, by taking more than what we truly need. World Hunger is something that shouldn’t be such a big problem; but the truth is-it is, it always has been, probably always will be. We’ve got to stand our ground and fight hunger and poverty, cause they can’t do it alone, no one can. We must begin to think a little less about ourselves, and a little more about each other. World hunger and poverty have become very important to me because I have helped out at a homeless shelter, and I have seen the faces of these people; I’ve had the oppertunity to make a connection with them, a connection that most people wouldn’t understand. These people are fighters, you can see it in their eyes. They are survivors of the biggest battle, a battle that they shouldn’t have to fight, a battle that most people don’t even have to think about; and the amazing thing is, they haven’t stopped; their still fighting. They shouldn’t have to do this alone, I am one out of probably a million people who are trying to help them fight this battle; cause I care. All it took was one day, and it has completly changed my life. Seeing all these people, looking into their eyes, feeling their pain; yet seeing a heart full of hope and joy. It has become a life-changing experience that I will never forget. In conclusion, there are a lot of people in our world, with enough food to provide everyone twice a day, yet there are still so many people that are suffering and dying of hunger. We have to face this problem, not turn away from it. I have personally grown to love these people with all my heart, because what they have gone through is truly amazing. They have changed my life forever, and I hope a can help change theirs.

Is Report Same as Essay? Essay

There are some basic differences between a report and an essay in an academic setting. The format of a report and essay differ as well as the main purpose of each. While there are similarities and differences between an essay and report, it’s essential to know which format you’re being asked to write. First, we’ll discuss what a report is, and then continue on to see what makes an essay. Keep in mind that a report can be much longer than an essay, and report readers generally only quickly scan it to pick up its general idea. In either way, your ideas should be easily found and compelling enough so the reader continues to read. To begin, a report and essay are similar in the fact that they both need to be in a formal style, have analytical thinking, a neat presentation with careful proofreading, as well as an introduction, body, and conclusion. Furthermore, a few distinct characteristics make a report different from an essay, such as a report gives information instead of an argument. Usually, a reader will more thoroughly read an essay compared to a report. Reports can include graphics and have short paragraphs along with numbered headings and sub-headings. Also, a writer will often need to write an executive summary after they’ve finished writing their full report. Such a summary isn’t necessary with an essay. report A report should be used to clearly and sufficiently inform the reader of the topic you’re writing about. While every lecturer or professor may have different guidelines they prefer, there are general rules to follow when writing a report. Unless otherwise requested, a report should consist of the following essential sections: title page, introduction, body, and conclusion. If you want to go a step further, include a letter of transmittal, table of contents, list of abbreviations and/or a glossary, executive summary, recommendations, bibliography, and appendices. The style and presentation of a report are very important in order to be taken seriously and have people want to read your full report. There are certain tips that you should follow to write a report that leaves a great first impression. You’ll want to ensure you use plenty of white space, and that the different parts of your report are easily recognized. Don’t forget to use sub-headings with plenty of space between different sections. Graphs, illustrations, and maps are encouraged to be used as they can clarify the information you’re trying to give. Number each page of a report with consistent formatting, and always use formal language. On the other hand, there are some things to avoid when writing a report. Leave out any inaccurate and conflicting information. Don’t include any outdated data, or irrelevant statistics. Keep opinions separate from facts, and leave out any unsupported recommendations or conclusions. Also, don’t let somebody read your report if it focuses more on appearance and has a lack of content. Lastly, a report isn’t finished without careful proofreading. The topics for reports usually consist of a problem or case study with a hypothetical situation. The information for reports comes from readings, fieldwork, and practical work. A report’s purpose is not only to investigate information, but to present and analyze it extensively and logically. A report is often used to make proposals, and to recommend actions to solve a problem. When writing a report, know that your audience will usually be those that are knowledgeable in the area you’re writing about and can be a client or manager. A report needs to be objective and can sometimes include bullet points. In order for a report to be successful, it needs to show that the writer has good research skills, and everything presented was relative information. essay When writing an essay, a topic will usually be a proposition or question and is predominantly based on reading. An essay’s purpose is to have a well-argued response to the original question and should also establish a proposition. The writer’s lecturer will usually be the reader of the essay. The essay’s style can be subjective, as long as it fits in an academic setting. Successful essays make the argument interesting, and are also determined on how the writer was able to relate one point to the next in a smooth format, while establishing a proposition. An essay is generally thought of as a well-organized collection of your ideas that is nicely written and presented professionally. An essay should be easy to read and properly thought out. When collecting material for an essay, you’ll have both primary and secondary sources. Primary sources are literary texts, while secondary sources consist of any works of criticism. In this case, the more sources you have to refer to the better. Your own ideas about literary texts are very important, as well as always putting the reader first. Make sure the text is compelling and professionally presentable, yet make it easy for the reader to understand. Five steps to writing an impressive essay †¢Step One – research, you want to make yourself an expert on the topic you’ve chosen to, or assigned to write about. The internet, academic databases, and libraries are all great places to browse literature. †¢Step Two – you’ll want to analyze the arguments in the readings you’ve chosen. Not only should you look for arguments in the topic, look for strengths too. †¢Step Three – Brainstorm how you want to write the essay, and then pick a thesis. To do this, pick the best idea and make it into a clear assertion that you can write a whole essay on. Make an outline with one-line sentences to describe each paragraph. †¢Step Four – it’s time to write the essay starting with an introduction that grab’s the readers’ attention. The body of the text should be made of paragraphs that each focuses on a certain idea that agrees with your thesis. The conclusion should have one sentence that can wrap up the whole essay, followed by maybe a question, twist of logic, or a call to action. †¢Step Five – Essays are usually written in MLA style, making sure that every quotation and borrowed idea is cited throughout the text along with a works cited page at the end. Once the rough draft is complete, read through your essay correcting any grammar and make sure the essay has a nice flow. However, if you prefer a professional to take a look, then you should see our essay editing and dissertation editing services for students.